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Find
Prolotherapy Doctors
Physicians Add Your
Listing
● ARIZONA
PHOENIX
Fred Arnold, DC, NMD
SCOTTSDALE
Michael Cronin, N.D.
David Tallman, DC, NMD.
TEMPE
Robb D.
Bird, NMD
TUCSON
Jorge B. Cochran, ND.NMD
● ARKANSAS
Merl
B. Cox, D.O.
●
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Christoph Kind, N.D.
●
CALIFORNIA
ANAHEIM
AREA
Hanson
Wong, M.D.
Howard Rosen,
M.D.
AUBURN
Rodney Van Pelt, M.D.
BAKERSFIELD
Payam Kerendian, D.O.
BEVERLY HILLS
Behzad Emad, M.D.
Payam Kerendian, D.O.
CLOVIS
Kevin Wingert, M.D.
FOLSOM
Michele Raithel ND
GARDEN GROVE
Howard Rosen,
M.D.
GLENDALE
G. Megan Shields, M.D
IRVINE
Allan
Sosin, M.D.
Los Angeles
Donna Alderman,
D.O.
Marc Darrow, M.D
Hanson
Wong, M.D.
Los
GATOS
Joshua M, Donaldson, N.D.
Marin County
Paul
Handleman, D.O.
John Monagle, NMD
Monterey
Howard Rosen,
M.D.
SAN
DIEGO
Andrew
Kulik, D.O.
Gary Matson, D.O.
SAN FRANCISCO EAST BAY
Donna Alderman,
D.O.
SAN FRANCISCO NORTH BAY
Paul
Handleman, D.O.
John Monagle, NMD
San
Ramon
Richard I.
Gracer, M.D.
SANTA
BARBARA
Allen
Thomashefsky, M.D.
SANTA
CRUZ
Joshua M, Donaldson, N.D.
SANTa monica
Peter Fields, M.D.,D.C.
SANTa
ROSA
Justin Hoffman, NMD
Temecula
Edward A.
Venn-Watson, M.D.
UKIAH
AREA
Rodney Van Pelt, M.D.
● COLORADO
BOULDER
Gary Clark, M.D.
BROOMFIELD
Christopher J. Centeno, M.D.
John
R. Schultz, M.D.
COLORADO SPRINGS
Mary Harrow, D.O,
DENVER
Joel A. Berenbeim, D.O.
Thomas Ravin, M.D.
FORT COLLINS
Mark Kelley, N.D. LAc
LITTLETON
Jo
Ann Douglas, M.S.,D.O
PARKER
John
A. Littleford, D.O.
STEAMBOAT SPRINGS
Jon Freckleton, D.O.
● CONNECTICUT
AVON
Valley Sports Physicians & Orthopedic
Medicine
Paul Tortland, D.O.
Albert Kozar
WEST
REDDING
Perry M.
Perretz, D.O.
● DELAWARE
SOUTHERN NJ
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
SOUTHERN PA
Brian J.
Shiple, D.O.
● FLORIDA
ORLANDO AREA
Nelson Kraucak, M.D.
ORMAND BEACH
Hana Chaim, DO
Clearwater
Felix Linetsky, M.D.
PACE
Sheila Mohammed, M.D.
PLANTATION
Alvin Stein,M.D.
SARASOTA/TAMPA BAY
Mark Walter, M.D.
Wellington Chen, M.D.
Matthew Burks, M.D.
TAMPA BAY AREA
Felix Linetsky, M.D.
Robinson Family Clinic
● GEORGIA
WARNER ROBINS
E.
Glynn Taunton, D.O.
MARIETTA
Robert C. Shuman, M.D.
Arnold
Weil, M.D.
● HAWAII
HAIKU
Kevin Davison, N.D.
HILO
Liza Maniquis-Smigel, MD
Honolulu, Hawaii
Liza Maniquis-Smigel, MD
● ILLINOIS
CHICAGOLAND
Ross Hauser, M.D
PEORIA
Yibing
Li, M.D.
Jay Harms,
M.D.
WESTERN ILLINOIS
Anwer Rasheed, M.D.
● INDIANA
CLARKSVILLE
Steven
M. Johnson, D.O.
LAFAYETTE
Carolyn
G. Kochert, M.D.
Mishawaka
Mark S. Cantieri, D.O.,
● IOWA
CLINTON
Anwer Rasheed, M.D.
IOWA CITY
John
Macatee, DO.
WEST DES MOINES
Jacqueline M Stoken, D.O
● KANSAS
KANSAS
CITY AREA
K. Dean Reeves, M.D.
TOPEKA
Doug Frye, M.D.
● KENTUCKY
LOUISVILLE
Steven
M. Johnson, D.O.
● LOUISIANA
NEW ORLEANS AREA
Thomas K. Bond, M.D.
● MARYLAND
Rockville
Ingrid Gheen, M.D.
● MASSACHUSETTS
MALDEN
Albert V. Franchi, M.D.
WORCESTER
Jon Trister, M.D.
● MICHIGAN
EAST
LANSING
David Pawsat,
D.O.
Howell
Jerald Gach, DO
SHELBY TWP
Robert Krasnick,
M.D.
Southfield
Jerald Gach, DO
WARREN
Robert Krasnick,
M.D.
● MINNESOTA
EXCELSIOR/Menahga
Mark T. Wheaton, M.D.
MINNETONKA
George H. Kramer, M.D.
● MISSOURI
KANSAS CITY
Edward McDonagh, D.O
ST. Peters
Michael J.
Adams
● MONTANA
HAMILTON
Mark Kelley, N.D. LAc
● NEVADA
CARSON CITY
Alfred N.
Grimes, M.D.
RENO
Andrew C.
Wesely, M.D.
● NEW JERSEY
BLAIRSTOWN
Walter R. Grote, D.O
CENTRAL NJ
Edward Magaziner, M.D.
WAYNE/NORTH NJ
Robert
Kramberg, M.D.
SOUTH NJ/PHILADELPHIA
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
(Cherry Hill)
Joseph P. Mullane, M.D.
(Hamilton)
Brian J.
Shiple, D.O.
(Springfield PA)
●
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
R. Dean Bair, D.O.
James
E. Baum,
D.O.
SANTA FE
James
E. Baum,
D.O.
Jonas R. Skardis, DOM
● NEW YORK
BALDWIN
Pandu Tadoori, M.D.
BUFFALO AREA
Timothy L. Speciale, D.O.
BROOKLYN
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
David Zirkitev,
P.A.
EAST MEADOW
Christopher Calapai, D.O.
FLUSHING
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
GOSHEN
Irwin
Abraham, M.D.
HICKSVILLE
David Borenstein, M.D.
MANHATTAN
Irwin Abraham, M.D.
Richard Ash, M.D.
David Borenstein, M.D.
John H. Juhl, D.O.
Robert Kramberg, M.D.
NEW YORK METRO AREA
Perry M. Perretz, D.O.
Edward Magaziner, M.D.
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
ORANGE
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
ROCKLAND
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
WESTMINSTER
Neil Raff, MD, CNS
● NORTH CAROLINA
ASHEVILLE AREA
Stephen
Blievernicht, M.D.
Huntersville
Dr. Mark Hines
● OHIO
AKRON/CANTON
Vladimir Djuric, M.D.
BLUFFTON
L. Terry Chappell, M.D.
CENTERVILLE
Rick
Buenaventura, M.D.
CINCINNATI
Michael J. Bertram, MD
Elizabeth Woolford MD
TOLEDO
AREA
Jay W. Nielsen, M.D.
● OKLAHOMA
BROKEN ARROW
Shirley J.
Welden, M.D.
● OREGON
ASHLAND
Allen
Thomashefsky,M.D.
EUGENE
Thomas
Peterson, M.D.
HILLSBORO
Kevin C. Wilson, N.D.
LAKE OSWEGO
Noel S. Peterson, N.D.
MEDFORD
Carl Osborn, D.O.
OREGON CITY
Joanne Gordon, ND,MS,PT
PORTLAND
Rick Marinelli, N.D.
Chiaoli
Lu, ND. LAc. DAOM.
Patrick Chapman, N.D.
Joshua David,
N.D.
REDMOND
E. Payson Flattery, D.C.,N.D.
SALEM
Donald McBride, Jr, ND
● PENNSYLVANIA
BALA CYNWYD
Harvey Kleinberg, D.O.
BETHLEHEM
James F. Frommer, M.D.
ELKINS PARK
Kab S. Hong, M.D.
JEANNETTE
Martin
P. Gallagher, M.D., D.C.
MEADVILLE
Paul Peirsel,
M.D.
PITTSBURG
Paul S. Lieber, MD
SOUTHERN NJ - PA
Scott R. Greenberg, M.D.
Allan Magaziner, D.O
Edward Magaziner, M.D.
SPRINGFIELD
Brian J.
Shiple, D.O.
WOMELSDORF
Peter J Blakemore, D.O,
● SOUTH CAROLINA
GREENVILLE/SPARTANSBURG
Robert Schwartz, M.D.
CHARLESTON
Marc N.
Dubick, M.D.
MOUNT PLEASANT
Patrick
Lovegrove, D.O.
● TENNESSEE
BRENTWOOD
Mark L.
Johnson, M.D.
CLARKSVILLE
Rafael Prieto, M.D.
JACKSON
Marcus
E. Meekins, M.D.
MEMPHIS
Marcus
E. Meekins, M.D.
NASHVILLE
Mark L.
Johnson, M.D.
● TEXAS
AUSTIN
Mihnea Dumitrescu, M.D.
David
K. Harris, M.D.
Brad Fullerton, M.D.
DALLAS
Michael Ellman, M.D.
DENTON
Carlos
J. Garcia, M.D.
FORT
WORTH
Gerald Harris, DO
Dennis E. Minotti II, D.O
David E. Teitelbaum, D.O.
HOUSTON
Robert Battle, M.D.
Adam Weglein,
D.O
HOUSTON AREA
Joseph
G. Valdez, M.D
John P. Trowbridge
Shaun Lehmann, M.D.
Curtis Fandrich, D.O.
MESQUITE
Michael Ellman, M.D.
PARIS
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
PLANO
Michael Ellman, M.D.
RICHARDSON
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
SAN ANTONIO
Annette M. Zaharoff,
M.D.
SHERMAN
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
SUNNYVALE
Gregg
Diamond, M.D.
Norberto Vargas, M.D.
● UTAH
PARK CITY
Harry Adelson, N.D.
Kenneth Hurwitz, M.D.
SALT LAKE CITY
Harry Adelson, N.D.
E. Alan Jeppsen
SPANISH FORK
David Taylor Roberts, M.D
● VERMONT
WINOOSKI
Jonathan
E. Fenton, D.O
● VIRGINIA
ALEXANDRIA
Robert H. Wagner,
M.D.
BLUEFIELD
Lenny
Horwitz, DPM
FAIRFAX
Mayo
Friedlis, M.D.
McLEAN
David Wang, D.O.
VIRGINIA BEACH
Lisa
Barr, M.D.
● WASHINGTON
ISSAQUAH
Jena
Schliiter., M.D.
SEATTLE
AREA
Richard
A. Sandler, M.D.
JoAnna Forwell, N.D.
Adam R.
Geiger, N.D.
● WASHINGTON, D.C.
Ali
Safayan, M.D.
● WEST VIRGINIA
MORGANTOWN
Nori Onishi, D.O.
● WISCONSIN
EAU CLAIRE
Deborah Raehl, DO
WAUWATOSA
Neal Pollack, D.O.
MILWAUKEE
William
J. Faber, D.O.
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What
is Prolotherapy?
 Ross Hauser, M.D.
Prolotherapy is a simple, natural
technique that stimulates the body to repair the painful area when the natural
healing process needs a little assistance. Notice I said "a little
assistance". Because often, that's all the body needs, the rest it can
take care of on it's own. In most cases, commonly prescribed
anti-inflammatory medication and more drastic measures like surgery and joint replacement may
not help, and often hinder or even prevent the healing process.
The basic mechanism of
Prolotherapy is simple. A substance is injected into the affected
ligaments or
tendons, which leads to local
Inflammation. The localized inflammation
triggers a wound healing cascade, resulting in the deposition of new
collagen,
the material that ligaments and tendons are made of. New collagen shrinks as
it matures. The shrinking collagen tightens the ligament that was injected and
makes it stronger.
Prolotherapy has the potential of being 100 percent
effective at eliminating and chronic pain due to ligament and tendon
weakness, but depends upon the technique of the individual
Prolotherapy doctor. The
most important aspect is injecting enough of the solution into the injured and
weakened area. If this is done, the likelihood of success is excellent.
Prolotherapy involves the
treatment of two specific kinds of tissue: tendons and ligaments.
A tendon attaches a muscle to the bone and involves movement of the joint. A
ligament connects two bones and is involved in the stability of the joint. A
strain is defined as a
stretched or injured tendon; a sprain, a stretched or
injured ligament. Once these structures are injured, the immune system is
stimulated to repair the injured area. Because ligaments and tendons generally
have a poor blood supply, incomplete healing is common after injury. This
incomplete healing results in these normally taut, strong bands of fibrous or
connective tissue becoming relaxed and weak. The relaxed and inefficient
ligament or tendon then becomes the source of chronic pain and weakness.
The greatest stresses to the
ligaments and tendons are where they attach to the bone, the
fibro-osseous
junction. The most sensitive structures that produce pain are the
periosteum (covering of the bone) and the ligaments. It is important to note
that in the scale of pain sensitivity (which part of the body hurts more when
injured), the periosteum ranks first, followed by ligaments, tendons, fascia
(the connective tissue that surrounds muscle), and finally muscle.
Cartilage
contains no sensory nerve endings. If you are told that your
cartilage is the
cause of your pain, you have been misinformed; the cartilage cannot hurt
because they contain no pain sensing nerves. If there is cartilage damage, the
ligaments are typically the structures that hurt. Ligaments are weakest where
they attach to bone. The periosteum is the most sensitive area to pain and the
ligaments second. It is now easy to understand why this area hurts so much.
This is where the
Prolotherapy injections
occur, and thus eliminate the
chronic pain of many conditions including
arthritis, mechanical low
back pain,
degenerative disc disease, cartilage injury, and sports injuries.
Prolotherapy works by exactly the
same process that the human body naturally uses to stimulate the body's
healing system, a process called inflammation. The technique involves
the injection of a proliferant (a mild irritant solution) that causes
an
inflammatory response which "turns on" the healing process. The
growth of new ligament and tendon tissue is then stimulated. The ligaments and
tendons produced after Prolotherapy appear much the same as normal tissues,
except that they are thicker, stronger, and contain fibers of varying
thickness, testifying to the new and ongoing creation of tissue. Yes, you
heard me right. The ligament and tendon tissue which forms as a result of
Prolotherapy is thicker and stronger than normal tissue, up to 40% stronger in
some cases!
In 1983,
Y. King Liu performed a
study using the knee ligament in rabbits. This study was done in order to
quantify the strength of the tissue formed by Prolotherapy. In this study, a
proliferant was injected into the femoral and tibial attachments of the
medial collateral ligament, the inside knee ligament. The ligaments were given five
prolotherapy treatments and then compared to non-injected ligaments. The
results showed that in every case Prolotherapy significantly increased
ligamentous mass, thickness, and cross sectional area as well as the ligament
strength. In a six-week period, ligament mass increased by 44 percent,
ligament thickness by 27 percent, and the ligament bone junction strength by
28 percent. This research was yet another attestation to the effectiveness of
Prolotherapy, showing that Prolotherapy actually causes new tissue to grow.
Imagine what it would mean to an athlete to run 40 percent faster, jump 40
percent higher, or be 40 percent stronger? This new growth of stronger,
healthier tissue is the normal and desired outcome with Prolotherapy.
The concept behind Prolotherapy
The term Prolotherapy was coined
by George S. Hackett, M.D., the "father of Prolotherapy", in 1956.
He describes Prolotherapy as follows:
"The treatment consists of
the injection of a solution within the relaxed ligament and tendon which will
stimulate the production of new fibrous tissue and bone cells that will
strengthen the weld of fibrous tissue and bone to stabilize the articulation
(where the bone and ligament meet) and permanently eliminate the disability.
To the treatment of proliferating new cells, I have applied the name
'Prolotherapy' from the word 'Prolo' (Latin) meaning offspring; 'proliferate'
- to produce new cells in rapid succession (Websters Dictionary). My
definition of Prolotherapy as applied medically in the treatment of skeletal
disability is 'the rehabilitation of an incompetent structure by the
generation of new cellular tissue.'"
Dr. Hackett, after 20 years of
experience, arrived at the conclusion that injured ligaments were the primary
cause of chronic pain. Injured tendons were the second most common cause. He
referred to this weakness in the ligaments and tendons as laxity.
Prolotherapy involves the injection of substances that stimulate new tissue
growth at the junction between the fibrous tissue (ligaments and tendons) and
the bone. Most things break down at a junction site because this is the
weakest part of the structure; this is especially true in weight bearing
joints. A good example of this is when the leg of a chair is wobbly or loose.
This is usually due to a loose connection where the leg attaches to the seat
of the chair. By tightening the attachment of the leg to the seat, the chair
becomes more stable.
Dr. Hackett used the word
"weld," which is a very accurate description of Prolotherapy.
Prolotherapy welds the ligaments and tendons to the bone. When welding steel,
the welder is applying a very hot probe or flame to melt two pieces of metal
together. Two large pieces of metal would require welding many areas all along
the long seam. Why do so many spots need to be welded? The reason is to make a
stronger connection. If one area weakens in the future due to wear and tear,
the others will hold the structure together.
This is the concept behind
Prolotherapy. All of the injured tissue must be treated for injuries for
chronic pain to be eliminated. Prolotherapy causes the proliferation of new
ligament and tendon tissue exactly where the injections are given. It is just
like spot welding. It strengthens the exact spot where the weld or injection
takes place. The more injections, the stronger the weld.
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Prolotherapy
Information and Research
Prolotherapy
●
Prolotherapy
●
How
Does Prolotherapy Work?
●
Why
Does Prolotherapy Work?
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How
Prolotherapy Helps?
●
Indications - Contraindications
●
Introduction to Prolotherapy
● Why Get Prolotherapy?
● What is Prolotherapy?
●
How Does Prolotherapy Work?
● Are You A Prolo Candidate?
● Ligament Reconstruction
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How Safe Is Prolotherapy?
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Finding a Prolotherapy doctor
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When Prolo May Not
Work
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20 Questions - Prolotherapy
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The History of Prolotherapy
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Curing Chronic Pain
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Sclerotherapy?
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Turning to Prolotherapy
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Prolotherapy and Chronic
Pain
● Proof Prolotherapy is Working
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Creating Collagen
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How To
Support Treatment
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Platelet Rich Plasma PRP
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Prolotherapy
and Inflammation
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Prolotherapy
In The News
Prolotherapy
Videos Online
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Prolotherapy to the knee
•
Back and Spine treatments
•
Shoulder treatments
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Prolotherapy Information sites
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